This lesson we looked at addressing and how the elements of a network identify each other and, well find each other. If we look at some of the gear used you will notice that they operate and communicate in different ways. Such as a Switch or a Hub do not use IP Addressing whereas a Router does (remember and router is connected out).
MAC (Media Access Address) this is the address of the network card. This is also called a physical address which is unique. A mac address is 6 bytes long - the first 3 identify the manufacturer which is referred to as the (OUI) Organisational Unique Identifier adn the remaining 3 bytes indentify the device itself called the Universal LAN MAC address.
It could look like this:
To find the MAC Address, choose START - RUN, type winipconfig/all, ENTER - for Windows NT,2000,XP,Vista and server 2000.
Windows 9x START - RUN type winipcfg
Linux - at command prompt enter ipconfig -a
Novell - at console prompt type in config
The network Card is split into the following:
Grouping - this falls under WorkGroup
ID - this also falls under WorkGroup
Protocol - this is the protocol used (set of rules) it is also known as NETBIOS adn can only be used in a WorkGroup. NETBIOS is not routable and is an accronym for: basic network input / output system.
Different departments or office spaces can be set up as WorkGroups to be able to identify and more effectively manage them. Remember that you would need a router to connect two LAN's together!
MAC Addressing is in HEX ie. 013456789ABCDEF and HEX must be grouped.
So, if MAC Address is HEX, which is numbers and letters, then:
TCPIP is Binary - IP (decimal)
(HEX : Hexidecimal, base 16, from 0 to 9 and A to F)
The next portion of Lesson 5 we spent on "How to calculate Binary", i purchased an app of the iTunes app store for $2 which made life much easier! But for the purposes of understanding the calculations, below is the process:
- Decimal - Base 10
- Binary - Base 2
- HEX - Base 16
we draw up a simple table which I have no idea of how to get it onto this BLOG....... So use the tables that we all drew in the lesson! If I find a way, I will insert it.
Examples:
- 0110 = 6
- 11111111 = 255
- 00000001 = 1
Now the reason we have been looking at calculating binary is becaeuse this comes into play when we look at IP addressing which is summarrised next:
- Public IP Addressing like Damelin.co.za or 192.168.7.4 or on my 3G router at home is 192.168.1.1
- Private IP Addressing is split into Static adn Dynamic (Dynamic uses DHCP)
- APIPA - (automatic Privat IP addressing) this automatically assigns an IP by Windows should the DHCP be down.
- DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - this leases out the IP addresses for a pre-determined time or a a random time
Some interesting accronyms used during this Lesson was:
- IRQ - interrupt request
- DMA - Direct memory access
Public IP addressing = The Internet
Classfull IP Addressing is split as follows: (it kind of splits up the importance and environment)
IP Sub-net Mask
A -1 - 126 255.0.0.0
B - 128 - 191 255.255.0.0 (127 is missing as it is used for loopback, to ping your network card
C - 192 - 223 255.255.255.0
Classful means that the IP address belongs to one of the classes above A,B,C,D,E. D is used for multicast and` E is out there but not utilised, Classless provides the ability to grow the IP adress to almost anything.
This was not a long lesson as most of it was spent calculating Binary - after our holiday I am sure that we will be having a re-cap on last year, I will add it to this post!
Until Saturday, take it easy adn keep it shiny side up!
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